日冕扰动传播的数值模拟

本文应用一种新的磁流体力学模式和球坐标中的Euler全隐式计算格式,重新考察了太阳日冕扰动的传播特征。为了模拟太阳大气的磁场结构,文中采用解析和数值相结合的方法,得出了溪流状的磁场位形。在这种磁场模式下,我们讨论了太阳表面赤道附近冷物质径向喷射所引起的日冕动力学响应和伴随的物理过程,揭示了一些很有意义的物理现象。这些结果可以解释日珥的形成及伴随的日冕瞬变。     

Thermal Properties of Materials Characterized by Scanning Electron-Acoustic Microscopy

A modified technique of scanning electron-acoustic microscopy is employed to determine thermal diffusivity of materials. Using the dependence of the electron-acoustic signal on modulation frequency of the electron beam, the thermal diffusivity of materials is characterized based on a simplified thermoelastic theory. The thermal diffusivities of several metals characterized by the modified scanning electron-acoustic microscopy are in good agreement with the referential values of the corresponding materials, which proves that the scanning electronacoustic microscopy can be used to characterize the thermal diffusivity of materials effectively. In addition, for micro-inhomogeneous materials, such as biological tissues, the macro-effective （average） thermal diffusivities are characterized by the technique.     

CCD用于建立惯性坐标系

本文详细叙述了CCD测量用于建立惯性坐标系的方法,重点讨论了测定河外星系与定标星相对位置的重迭露光测量方法,并给出了在1m望远镜上利用CCD进行的试验及得到的结果。文中还给出了利用三个历元的观测确定岁差常数和章动常数采用值的改正△P₁,△q,△ρ和△ε的条件方程,并进行了精度估计。最后还将本文提出的方法与利用干板的照相方法作了比较,采用这种方法能以较高的精度把基本坐标系过渡到惯性坐标系。     

小麦花药诱导单倍体植株的减数分裂分析

本文研究了由花药诱导的72株小麦单倍体的减数分裂过程。阐述了减数分裂各期染色体的行为,特别是二价体和单价体在中期Ⅰ和中期Ⅱ的分布。根据单倍体花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体行为的特点,讨论了同源染色体间的交换、染色体向赤道面排列的机制和次级联会的原因等问题。     

On the transition from supercritical to subcritical Hopf bifurcations

By using the method of averaging, we give a complete Hopf bifurcation diagram when the differential equation has more than one parameter. The method is applied to a system of parabolic equations with nonlinear coupling on the boundary. This set of equations is a mathematical model which describes the normalized concentrations of substances in a solution produced by two enzymes.     

Theory of Z-scan technique using Gaussian-Bessel beams with a phase object

This paper reports the theoretical study of combining Z-scan technique with Gauss-Bessel (GB) beams beside a phase object (PO) to measure the third-order nonlinear susceptibility components.By using this method,the sign of refractive index which depends on the shape of the close aperture Z-scan curve can be easily determined.Meanwhile,the magnitude of nonlinear coefficients can also be deduced by theoretical fit.The proposed method is advantageous for high sensitivity and imposes a lower stress in the cases of fragile materials,since small pulse energy is enough for the measurement of nonlinear coefficients.Predictions of the models are compared with Gaussian Z-scan measurement and GB Z-scan measurement.By using GB beams with a PO,the sensitivity of Z-scan measurements is found to be a factor of over 60 times greater than for Gaussian beams and 2 times greater than for Gaussian-Bessel beams.     

双壳程连续螺旋折流板换热器的数值模拟

本文提出了一种新型的双壳程连续螺旋折流板换热器。采用数值模拟方法对双壳程、单壳程连续螺折流板换热器,以及弓形折流板换热器壳侧流动与传热持性进行了对比研究。结果表明,同质量流量和对流换热系数近似相等的情况下,双壳程连续螺旋折流板换热器壳程压降比弓形折流板换热器低17.7%～23.5%,同质量流量和壳程压降近似相等的情况下,其对流换热系数比单壳程连续螺旋折流板换热器高7.1%～12.6%。     

基于模糊聚类分析和曲线拟合的FTIR不同产地鸡骨草、毛鸡骨草鉴别分析

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合模糊聚类分析法和曲线拟合对鸡骨草、毛鸡骨草进行产地鉴别。选用曼哈顿距离单位计算的相异度聚类分析结果最优,5个产地鸡骨草都可完全区分开来,毛鸡骨草则只能鉴别出3个产地,南宁和钦州2个产地发生重叠;为了进一步鉴别不同产地鸡骨草和毛鸡骨草,对鸡骨草和毛鸡骨草平均红外谱图中1 034 cm-1吸收峰进行曲线拟合,野生鸡骨草拟合出11个子峰,其他各产地鸡骨草均只能拟合出9个子峰,上林产毛鸡骨草拟合出9个子峰,其他各产地毛鸡骨草均只能拟合出8个子峰,而且不同产地鸡骨草和毛鸡骨草拟合出的子峰位置和归一化强度都不完全相同;模糊聚类分析法和曲线拟合法有机结合能够使产地鉴别结果更加准确。     

强夯加固机理的非线性动态冲击显式有限元数值分析

根据强夯的特点,采用同时考虑几何非线性、材料非线性、状态非线性,并且考虑瞬态大变形的非线性动态显式有限元,分析了强夯对地基土的冲击碰撞过程。该方法克服了以往有限元计算强夯动力问题时需再引入其他的简化假定的已知量,能较实际地反映强夯加固的动力特性。通过对工程实例计算研究,取得了令人满意的效果。     

Highly Robust but Surface‐Active: An N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Stabilized Au25 Nanocluster

Surface organic ligands play a critical role in stabilizing atomically precise metal nanoclusters in solutions. However, it is still challenging to prepare highly robust ligated metal nanoclusters that are surface‐active for liquid‐phase catalysis without any pre‐treatment. Now, an N‐heterocyclic carbene‐stabilized Au₂₅ nanocluster with high thermal and air stabilities is presented as a homogenous catalyst for cycloisomerization of alkynyl amines to indoles. The nanocluster, characterized as [Au₂₅(ⁱPr₂‐bimy)₁₀Br₇]²⁺ (ⁱPr₂‐bimy=1,3‐diisopropylbenzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene) ( 1 ), was synthesized by direct reduction of AuSMe₂Cl and ⁱPr₂‐bimyAuBr with NaBH₄ in one pot. X‐ray crystallization analysis revealed that the cluster comprises two centered Au₁₃ icosahedra sharing a vertex. Cluster 1 is highly stable and can survive in solution at 80 °C for 12 h, which is superior to Au₂₅ nanoclusters passivated with phosphines or thiols. DFT computations reveal the origins of both electronic and thermal stability of 1 and point to the probable catalytic sites. This work provides new insights into the bonding capability of N‐heterocyclic carbene to Au in a cluster, and offers an opportunity to probe the catalytic mechanism at the atomic level.